1. Plant Tissues and Anatomy

Plant structure is organized into tissues, which are groups of similar cells performing specific functions. Plant tissues are broadly classified into meristematic tissues (responsible for growth) and permanent tissues. Permanent tissues are further divided into simple tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma) and complex tissues (xylem and phloem), which form the vascular system. The study of plant anatomy focuses on the internal structure of plant organs like roots, stems, and leaves.

2. Plant Morphology

Plant morphology deals with the external form and structure of plants and their parts. This includes the study of the root system, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Each part has specific adaptations and functions related to survival, reproduction, and interaction with the environment. For example, leaf modifications for photosynthesis, stem adaptations for support and transport, and root systems for anchorage and absorption are all aspects of plant morphology.

3. Animal Tissues

Animal bodies are organized into four basic types of animal tissues: epithelial tissue (covering surfaces and lining cavities), connective tissue (support, binding, transport), muscle tissue (movement), and nervous tissue (communication and coordination). Each tissue type is composed of specialized cells and performs distinct functions, working together to maintain the organism's life processes.

4. Structural Organisation in Specific Animals (Examples)

The structural organization in animals varies greatly across different species, reflecting diverse evolutionary adaptations. Studying examples like the earthworm (segmented body, complete digestive system) or the frog (amphibian with adaptations for aquatic and terrestrial life) reveals how tissues are organized into organs and organ systems to perform complex life functions, demonstrating the diversity of life and biological structures.